Demystifying Technology Monday

Passwords. If there’s one piece of modern technology that causes a collective groan, this might be it. I’ve heard from so many of you about the sheer frustration of managing them. You might keep them in a little book, only to find you can no longer read your own writing. You might try to remember them all in your head, only to be constantly resetting them. Or perhaps you use the same one for everything, hoping for the best. It's a common struggle, and it can feel overwhelming.

Today, let's talk about how to achieve some password sanity. I'll explore why it's so important to have different passwords, introduce a tool designed to make it much simpler, and offer tips for creating a master key that’s both easy to remember and incredibly secure.

If you ever have any questions, please feel free to send me an email. You can reply to this newsletter and it will go to me, or you can email me directly at steve@gestalt.com.

I would love to hear from you!

Password Sanity: Simpler, Secure Ways to Manage Your Logins

Why Every Lock Needs a Different Key

Many people wonder, "Why can't I just use one or two good passwords for everything?" It’s a fair question. The reason lies in something called the "domino effect." Imagine you use the same password for your bank account and for a less important website, like a newspaper subscription or a store's mailing list. Now, imagine that newspaper's website has a security breach and its list of user passwords is stolen by criminals.

The criminals know that people reuse passwords. They will then take your leaked password and automatically try it on more important sites, like your email and your bank. Suddenly, the key to your "unimportant" account has become the key to your most sensitive information. As one person we spoke with wisely noted, the big risk isn't just someone hacking your email; it's the "follow on effects" to your other accounts that can be truly catastrophic. Using a unique password for each service ensures that if one lock is broken, all your other doors remain securely shut.

If you are certain that your "unimportant" password is not reused for your email or any financial accounts, you have already protected yourself from the single biggest and most direct threat.

However, security experts still strongly advise using a unique password for every single site, even the ones you don't care about, for a few important secondary reasons:

1. Information Gathering for Scams: Even an "unimportant" account on a hobby forum, a store's mailing list, or a news site contains bits of your personal information—your name, email address, and clues about your interests, location, or social connections. Hackers can breach that less-secure site, take that information, and use it to craft a highly convincing and personalized "phishing" email to you. For example, if they know you're on a gardening forum, they might send a fake email about a "special offer on gardening tools" with a malicious link, and because it seems so relevant to your interests, you're more likely to trust it and click.
   
   

2. Reputational Risk and Impersonation: If a hacker gets into one of your accounts, even a non-financial one, they can post offensive content under your name, or send scam messages to your friends and contacts from that account. For instance, they could take over your account on a neighborhood app and use your trusted name to try and scam your neighbors.
   
   

3. Human Error: This strategy depends on having a perfect memory of which password you used where. It's easy to forget and accidentally reuse that "unimportant" password on a site that later becomes important. Hackers run automated attacks that test for these small slip-ups, which can still create a security hole.
   
   

So, while using a strong, unique password for your critical accounts is the most vital step, the gold standard for security is a unique password for every site. This protects you not just from direct attacks on your finances, but also from these more subtle (and increasingly common) forms of targeted scams and impersonation.

A Solution to Consider: The Digital Keyring (Password Managers)

"Okay," you might be thinking, "but how on earth am I supposed to remember dozens of different, complicated passwords?" This is where a tool called a password manager comes in.

I know there can be hesitation; as one of our readers put it, using one can feel like "an extra step". That’s a very real feeling. However, it's helpful to think of a password manager not as an extra step, but as a tool that replaces dozens of frustrating steps.

• How it Works: A password manager is like a highly secure digital vault or keyring. It stores all of your different, complex passwords for you in a strongly encrypted format. The manager can help you create long, random passwords for new sites and will automatically fill them in for you when you log in.

• The Main Benefit: The beauty of this system is that you no longer have to remember dozens of impossible passwords. You only need to remember one single, very strong "master password" to unlock your vault.

I know that the idea of using a password manager can sometimes feel like an annoying "extra step," a sentiment shared by some of the people I've talked to who find them cumbersome. The goal of a good password manager, however, is to make your life simpler and more secure once it's set up. The user experience is typically built around "autofill." When you visit a login page on your computer or phone, a small icon from the password manager will appear in the username and password fields. You click the icon, unlock your secure vault (often with a single master password, a fingerprint, or Face ID), and it automatically fills in the correct, complex password for that site.

When creating a new account, it will pop up and offer to generate and save a new, random, super-strong password for you with one click. Many browsers like Apple's Safari and Google's Chrome have this functionality built right in. You might rightly wonder how this can be secure. Reputable password managers work by keeping your passwords in a heavily encrypted vault—meaning they are scrambled into unreadable code. The only thing that can unscramble that code is your one master password, which is why it's so vital. This system is designed so that even the companies themselves (like Apple or Google) cannot see or access your list of passwords, providing a secure and surprisingly convenient way to manage your digital keys

Creating Your Unforgettable (and Un-guessable) Master Password

The key to this whole system is making that one master password incredibly secure. Here are some tips:

• Think Length, Not Just Complexity: A short, complex password like P@ssw0rd! is actually less secure than a longer, easier-to-remember "passphrase."

• Create a Passphrase: String together four or five random, unconnected words. Think of something like Correct-Horse-Battery-Staple or PurpleMonkeyDishwasherLamp. It’s highly secure because of its length but much easier for you to recall than a jumble of symbols.

• Avoid the Obvious: Do not use personal information like your children's or pet's names, birthdays, or anniversaries. Too often people's passwords follow a simple, guessable pattern like their dog's name and birth year. Your master password should have no personal connection to you.

While some I've interviewed, are understandably frustrated and ready to just throw up their hands, feeling their information is already "out there anyway". Taking this one step can dramatically increase your personal security and give you true peace of mind. A password manager, secured by a strong passphrase, is a powerful tool designed to reduce complexity and frustration, not add to it.

Quick Tech Tip

When you create a new password on a website, you may notice a "password strength" meter that changes from red (weak) to green (strong) as you type. Pay attention to this handy guide! The best way to increase the strength is usually by making the password longer. Adding a number or a symbol can help, but length is often the most important factor for making a password difficult for computers to guess.

Tech Term Demystified: Data Breach

You’ve likely seen the term "Data Breach" in the news, often followed by a large company's name. In simple terms, a data breach is an incident where criminals manage to break into a company's secure computer systems and steal sensitive user information. This stolen data often includes lists of usernames (which are typically your email address) and the passwords associated with those accounts.

How do they actually manage to break in? Think of a company's computer system (its servers) as a secure building, and our personal data is stored in filing cabinets inside. Hackers have several common methods for getting past the locks:

1. Finding an Unlocked Window (Exploiting a Vulnerability): Sometimes, the software that runs a website or service has a flaw or a bug in its code—like a window that was accidentally left unlocked. Hackers are constantly searching for these vulnerabilities and, when they find one, they can slip through it to gain access to the system and the data stored within. This is why you see companies frequently releasing "security updates"—they are essentially rushing to lock these newly discovered windows.
   
   

2. Tricking an Employee (Phishing): This is one of the most common methods. Instead of breaking down the door, the hacker tricks someone into giving them the key. They might send a deceptive email to a company employee that looks like it's from the IT department, asking them to log in to a fake website. When the employee enters their username and password, the hacker steals it. That employee's password can then become the key the hacker uses to enter the company's secure systems.
   
   

3. Guessing the Password (Brute-Force Attack): If an account is protected by a weak or common password (like Password123), hackers can use powerful computers to automatically try millions of different password combinations per second until they guess the right one. This is why using long, complex, and unique passwords is so important—it makes it practically impossible for these automated attacks to succeed.
   
   

Once inside, the criminals gather up the data—often lists containing millions of emails and their corresponding passwords—and then typically sell it to other scammers, often on a hidden part of the internet. Understanding these methods helps demystify the process; it’s not magic, but rather criminals exploiting weaknesses.

Good News Byte

Many web browsers like Google Chrome, Apple's Safari, and Microsoft Edge now have helpful, free security features built right in. Their integrated password managers can automatically alert you if one of your saved passwords has been detected in a known public data breach somewhere on the internet. This is a great feature that acts as an early warning system, letting you know it’s time to change an old, compromised password.

Did You Know?

The concept of a computer password is almost as old as shared computing itself. The first password system was developed at MIT way back in 1961. Researchers on their groundbreaking "Compatible Time-Sharing System" realized that with multiple people using the same large computer, they needed a way for each person to keep their own files private. This simple, elegant solution has been a cornerstone of digital security ever since.

Your Turn for a Security Boost!

This week, let's try a small, empowering experiment the next time you need to create a new online account—perhaps for a store, a library service, or a newsletter. Instead of thinking up a new password yourself, we're going to try letting your browser's built-in password manager do the heavy lifting.

Here’s how to try it:

1. Create Your New Account: When you get to the "Create Password" field on the sign-up page, your browser (like Chrome or Safari) will likely display a pop-up window suggesting a very strong, random password. It will look like a jumble of letters, numbers, and symbols.

2. Accept and Save: Go ahead and accept that suggested password. A prompt should then ask if you want to "Save Password" for this site. Click "Save." You've now created a highly secure password without having to think of it or write it down!

3. Test the Autofill: After you've successfully created the account and logged in, deliberately log out.

4. Log Back In (The Easy Way): Now, return to the login page. When you click on the username or email field, your browser should recognize the site and offer to automatically fill in your saved login information. Simply click on your username or the prompt, and it should fill in both your username and that complex password for you. All you have to do is click "Log In."

Having trouble? Feel free to send me a message and I can help.

Wishing you a secure and frustration-free week!

Warmly,

Steve